文章转载自 21世纪英文报

先前已经连续50多天没有本地报告新增确诊病例的北京，近日突现连续出现本土新增病例，让人揪心。

北京市卫生健康委15日发布，14日0时至24时，北京市新增报告新冠肺炎本地确诊病例36例、无症状感染者6例，无新增疑似病例。

在今天北京市召开的第117场新冠病毒肺炎疫情防控工作新闻发布会上，北京市卫健委新闻发言人高小俊表示，全市和新发地相关人员新冠病毒核酸检测情况，共检测76499人，结果阳性59份。

在前一天的发布会上，北京市疾病预防控制中心副主任庞星火介绍，针对北京病例数增加的情况，通过流行病学调查，病例发病均与新发地市场有关。

6月12日，在北京市开展的农贸批发市场、大型超市排查中，共采集海鲜、肉类等食品及外环境涂抹标本5424份，新发地有40份核酸检测呈阳性；517名从业人员中，45人咽拭子阳性。

据《北京日报》13日报道，北京的主要商超企业超市发、物美、家乐福都已连夜下架全部三文鱼。

Xinfadi agricultural products wholesale market is closed on June 13. [Photo by Wu Xiaohui/chinadaily.com.cn]

对于新发地市场发现的40件环境阳性样本来源，北京市卫生健康委新闻发言人高小俊回应《中国新闻周刊》说：“有的来自三文鱼案板，有的不是。”6月13日凌晨，北京新发地批发市场董事长张玉玺接受媒体采访时说：“相关部门抽检时从切割进口三文鱼的案板中检测到了新冠病毒，而该产品的货源来自京深海鲜市场。”

北京市疾控中心和丰台区疾控中心联合对京深海鲜市场海鲜区，特别是三文鱼的交易摊位以及公共区域进行了抽样检测，合计采集的样本一共是469件，其中有人员咽拭子样本186件，环境样本283件，目前结果都是阴性。

在武汉新冠疫情暴发之初，中国疾控中心病毒所曾从来自华南海鲜市场的585份环境样本中检测到33份样品含有新冠病毒核酸，并在阳性环境标本中分离到病毒。现在，北京新增新冠肺炎感染病例再次将关注的焦点拉到海鲜市场。

究竟是不是三文鱼惹的祸？一时间也成为了人们关注的焦点。

图源：图虫创意

Beijing's largest vegetable wholesale market, Xinfadi market, was shut down Saturday after six new domestic COVID-19 infections and 45 asymptomatic cases were reported and the novel coronavirus was detected on some of the sellers' equipment.

According to local health officials, the virus was found on a chopping board used by a seller of imported salmon, sparking speculations on whether the fish can spread the virus.

检出新冠病毒 ≠ 感染新冠病毒

中国疾控中心流行病专家吴尊友日前在接受采访时表示，目前还很难去断定批发市场的传染源到底是什么。比如，我们不能因为在切割进口三文鱼的案板中检测到了新冠病毒，就下结论说三文鱼就是传染源。接触到案板的所有人或物品都有可能。

图源：人民视觉

2020年6月13日，北京丰台区一家超市内的三文鱼已下架。张宇(摄影部)/中新社

"At present, it is hard to determine the infection source in the market," Wu Zunyou, chief epidemiologist at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), told China's Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.

"We cannot conclude that salmon is the source of infection just because novel coronavirus was detected on a chopping board of a seller," the expert said, adding that the chopping board could be contaminated by infected owner or guests, or other products that carried the virus.

三文鱼能接触到病毒源？

新冠病毒可能起源于蝙蝠，而三文鱼祖祖辈辈都生活在海里，又是怎么和新冠病毒扯上关系的呢？

图源：图虫创意

让我们看看专家是怎么说的↓

据清华大学病毒学家程功介绍，目前认为的冠状病毒宿主要是哺乳动物。三文鱼几乎不可能感染新冠病毒。

他表示，病毒要进行感染必须要有相应的宿主，病毒需要的宿主受体不一样，所以只有特定动物的受体能让病毒感染细胞。到目前为止，已知的科学证据都表明，它感染宿主的受体都存在于哺乳动物体内，不存在于鱼内。

The known hosts for coronavirus are mostly mammals. It's almost impossible for salmon to get infected with COVID-19, Cheng Gong, virologist at Tsinghua University, explained.

"Virus must rely on the viral receptor on the host cell surfaces to infect cells. Without the certain receptor they cannot enter into cells successfully," Cheng added. "All known evidence so far suggest this kind of receptors exist only in mammals, not fish."

英国伦敦大学学院的研究团队也指出，在哺乳动物之外，新冠病毒很难感染鱼类、鸟类和爬行类动物。

A study conducted by University College London also suggests that the novel coronavirus can infect a broad range of mammals, but not fish, birds or reptiles.

三文鱼能接触到病毒源？

中国疾控中心流行病专家吴尊友同样认为，果子狸、蝙蝠这些野生动物本身可以携带冠状病毒，但正常自然界的鱼身体内是不会带冠状病毒的。有一种可能是鱼被捕捞之后，由于处理的工人感染了新冠病毒，可能导致鱼的表面被污染，而污染的海产品被运到中国，中国工人处理过程中受到了感染，进而导致人与人的进一步传播。当然这也只是一种推测，需要流行病学调查进一步证实。

Unlike wild animals like civets and bats which are hosts of coronavirus, fish naturally do not carry coronavirus in their bodies, Wu explained, providing one possibility that the surface of the fish could get contaminated by infected workers.

"And if contaminated fish were shipped to China, Chinese workers could have been infected as they processed the fish, and then that led to further human-to-human transmission," he added. "But this is just one speculation, further confirmation is needed through epidemiological investigation."

吴尊友表示，目前的形势下，做好生鲜、果蔬等货物的检验检疫，这些都很有必要。特别需要注意的是两种情况：一种是海外进口的物品。目前海外疫情比中国严重，从疫情严重国家进口的物品要格外注意。另外一种是冷冻运输的物品，包括海产品、牛羊肉等。这些情况下都需要加强检疫。

Wu called on the authorities to tighten inspection and quarantine on imported and refrigerated products to prevent the risk of further viral transmission.

三文鱼还能吃吗？

中华预防医学会专家钟凯表示，当务之急是查清楚案板上的病毒来源，建议公众暂不生吃三文鱼。

The priority now is to find the source of the coronavirus detected on the chopping board, pointed out Zhong Kai, expert from Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, who advised the public to not eat raw salmon until the results of the investigation are revealed.

图源：图虫创意

在钟凯看来，到目前为止，还没有新冠直接通过吃喝传播的证据，“主要还是接触传播”。

No evidence has shown that the novel coronavirus can be transmitted directly through food and drink to humans, said Zhong, as the major transmission routes remain respiratory droplets and close contact.

据他介绍，新冠病毒在物体表面存活的时间从几小时到几天不等，冰鲜三文鱼是空运过来，且有低温环境保护，因此理论上“是有可能存活下来的”。虽然这种概率并不大，但考虑到一旦引起疫情，防控成本极大，因此近期相关部门可能会管控这类产品。

However, the virus can survive on the surface of an object for hours to a few days, and chilled salmon was transported by air in a low temperature, under which condition "it is theoretically possible for the virus to survive, but the possibility is low," said Zhong.

“其实，对于普通消费者，主要还是强调外出采买戴口罩，回家洗手，制作食物前后也要洗手，尽量不用脏手摸眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴。” 钟凯说，“提高警惕，也不必草木皆兵。”

For ordinary consumers, Zhong also highlighted the importance of daily protection, such as wearing masks when going out, and washing hands upon entering the house as well as before and after cooking food.

虽然并不能直接归咎于三文鱼，但是戴口罩、勤洗手、多通风，不吃生食，小伙伴们记住了吗？

综合来源：丁香生活研究所、中央纪委国家监委网站、中国新闻周刊、CGTN、中青网

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